ABSTRACT Introduction: Transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty (TPIFU) is one of the most frequently performed technique for single-stage repair in proximal hypospadias. It was reported that the subepithelial urethroplasty would obviously decrease urethrocutaneous fistula (UF) complication after proximal TIP. But in the process of TPIFU, it had not been reported yet. Objective: We reviewed our experience to evaluate and compare the effect of continuous eversion suture (CES) versus continuous inversion subepithelial suture (CIS) on complication rates in the TPIFU. Material and methods: A retrospective review of all patients operated with CES and CIS in our institution between January 2017 and Jun 2017 was performed. Results: A total of 161 patients were enrolled in the research. Patients were followed up for 12~17 months. Total success rate was 73.9% (119/161). No statistically difference was found between the two groups with regard to age of patients (P=0.097), catheter size (P=0.52), time of catheterization (P=0.47), length of neourethra (P=0.20), non-urethral comorbidity (P=0.44) and post-operative infection (P=1.0). The overall postoperative complications had no statistically difference between the two groups (P=0.067). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of urethra-cutaneous fistula (UF) (OR=0.07, 95% CI: -0.24~0.037, P=0.22), urethral diverticulum (UD) (OR=0.026, 95% CI: -0.16~-0.056, P=0.323), urethral stricture (US) (OR=0.081, 95% CI: -0.15~0.15, P=1.0) and breakdown of urethral repair (BU) (OR=0.02, 95% CI: -0.118~-0.044, P=1.0). Discussion: The comparison of two group’s postoperative complications was feasible because there were no statistically differences among perioperative variables. It seemed as if continuous inversion subepithelial suture would promote healing. However, it indicated that the overall success rate and the incidences of UF, UD, US and BU complications had no statistically difference between groups. It might be accounted for the subtle differences of techniques changing the process of establishing prime and side branches vascularization. Conclusions: The CIS technique had no significantly different effect on the four complications rates when compared with CES in TPIFU. Thus, CES and CIS could be randomly adopted in TPIFU as personal preference.

RESUMEN La depresión de la falla Fangzheng está controlada en el norte por la zona de falla Tan-Lu. Esta registra un deslizamiento de varias etapas, modificación de extrusión y erosión del levantamiento térmico, lo que forma un patrón tectónico de levantamientos conectados con hundimientos. A través del análisis dinámico regional, el estudio de la ley de actividad de la placa del Pacífico occidental ha aclarado la formación y transformación del campo de estrés tectónico regional. En virtud de los antecedentes de las múltiples etapas del mecanismo de deslizamiento en la parte norte de la falla Tan-lu, la depresión de la falla Fangzheng tiene una característica de “cuenca extraíble de deslizamiento lateral izquierda, transformación por extrusión de deslizamiento lateral derecha”. Según la diferencia del deslizamiento, la depresión de la falla Fangzheng se ha dividido en dos partes: la depresión de la falla del Este y la depresión de la falla del Oeste. Se aplicaron los datos sísmicos, el análisis de atributos sísmicos y las técnicas de modelado geológico para analizar las dos depresiones de fallas. La depresión de fallas del Este ha sido controlada activamente por la actividad de deslizamiento y la estructura es compleja. La calidad de los datos sísmicos es pobre; la estructura de la depresión de la falla del oeste es la opuesta y las características estructurales de la diferencia asimétrica de deslizamiento en las depresiones de la falla del este y el oeste. La interpretación de las secciones sísmicas a través de un fondo resbaladizo, los atributos de deslizamiento de toda la depresión de falla del sur al norte están segmentados y el mecanismo de deslizamiento de este a oeste es diferente. Bajo el control del mecanismo de deslizamiento por etapas, la depresión de falla de Fangzheng se divide en seis etapas de evolución de deslizamiento, correspondientes a las seis etapas diferentes de la cuenca de control de deslizamiento. Se aclara el proceso de formación de la cuenca de falla asimétrica de la cuenca de falla de deslizamiento, que proporciona una referencia para el estudio de la cuenca extraíble de deslizamiento con estructura de múltiples etapas.

ABSTRACT Fangzheng fault depression is controlled by the northern of the Tan-Lu fault zone. It undergoes multi-stage strike-slip, extrusion modification, and erosion of the thermal uplift, forming a tectonic pattern of uplifts connected with sags. Through the regional dynamic analysis, the study of the activity law of the western Pacific plate has clarified the formation and transformation of the regional tectonic stress field. Under the background of the multi-stage of the strike-slip mechanism in the northern part of the Tan-lu fault, the Fangzheng fault depression has a characteristic of the “left-lateral strike-slip pull-apart basin, right-lateral strike-slip extrusion transformation.” According to the difference of the strike-slip, the Fangzheng fault depression has divided into two parts: the East fault depression and the West fault depression. The seismic data, seismic attribute analysis, and geological modeling techniques have applied to analyze the two fault depressions, the East fault depression has actively controlled by the strike-slip activity, and the structure is complex. The seismic data quality is poor; the structure of the West Fault Depression is the opposite and structural characteristics of asymmetrical difference strike-slip in the East and West fault depressions. Interpretation of seismic sections through a slippery background, the strike-slip attributes of the whole fault depression from south to north are segmented, and the strike-slip mechanism from east to west is different. Under the control of the multi-stage strike-slip mechanism, the Fangzheng fault depression is divided into six stages of strike-slip evolution, corresponding to the six different stages of the strike-slip control basin, the formation process of the asymmetric difference strike-slip fault basin is clarified, which provides a reference for the study of the strike-slip pull-apart basin with multi-stage structure.

ABSTRACT The topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842), is a small cyprinid fish that inhabits the littoral zones of freshwater habitats throughout Asia and Europe. It is regarded as an invasive species in Europe, but in its native range, in China, as food and as an environmental bio-indicator. In this study, the embryonic and larval development of P. parva was investigated for the first time. The eggs of P. parva are transparent, adhesive and elliptical. The mean size of fertilized eggs was (1.63×1.31) ± 0.04 mm. From fertilization to hatching, embryonic development could be divided into eight stages and 34 phases, and the incubation period lasted for 109.25 hours at 24 ± 1 °C. Newly hatched larvae were 4.1 ± 3 mm in length, and the yolk absorption was completed within six days after hatching. The first and second swim bladders formed at the third and ninth day, respectively. The pectoral fin formed before the hatching stage, followed by the caudal, dorsal, anal and ventral fin formation after hatching. About 20 days after hatching, the morphology of the fry was similar to the adult fish. These findings provide a basis for determining the complete ontogeny of P. parva, as well as facilitate the management and utilization of this fish.